Introduction
The Consumer Protection Act, 2019 replaced the old Consumer Protection Act, 1986 and brought in significant changes to strengthen consumer rights in India. This article explains the six key rights that every consumer has under the new law.
Who Is a Consumer?
Under Section 2(7) of the Consumer Protection Act, 2019, a Consumer is any person who buys any goods or avails any services in exchange for consideration (payment). This includes both online and offline purchases. However, a person who buys goods for resale or commercial purposes is not a consumer.
Six Key Consumer Rights
1. Right to Safety
The right to be protected against the marketing of goods and services that are hazardous to life and property. Manufacturers must ensure their products are safe for use.
2. Right to Information
The right to be informed about the quality, quantity, potency, purity, standard, and price of goods and services. This includes the right to know about product ingredients, expiry dates, and hidden charges.
3. Right to Choose
The right to access a variety of goods and services at competitive prices. No seller can force a consumer to buy a particular product (tie-in sales).
4. Right to Be Heard
The right to be heard and to be assured that consumer interests will receive due consideration at appropriate forums — including the Consumer Commission.
5. Right to Seek Redressal
The right to seek redressal against unfair trade practices or unscrupulous exploitation of consumers. This includes the right to file a complaint before the Consumer Commission at e-jagriti.gov.in.
6. Right to Consumer Education
The right to acquire the knowledge and skills to be an informed consumer throughout life.
New Features of Consumer Protection Act, 2019
- E-Commerce Coverage: Online purchases and e-commerce platforms are now explicitly covered
- Product Liability: Manufacturers, service providers, and sellers can be held liable for harm caused by defective products
- Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA): A new authority empowered to take suo motu action against companies violating consumer rights
- Mediation: Compulsory mediation at the Consumer Commission for suitable cases
- Increased Compensation: Higher penalties and compensation amounts
How to Enforce Your Rights
If your consumer rights are violated:
- Send a Legal Notice to the seller/manufacturer
- File a consumer complaint at e-jagriti.gov.in
- Track your case: Case Status / History